Posts Tagged ‘photography techniques’

Why Your Style Is As Important As Your Photography Technique

Thursday, April 1st, 2010

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When you look at pictures what do you see? Images should be more than superficial glossy bits of paper. They should evoke a response. Some of the best photographs tell a story and make you believe in a world that exists beyond the frame. If the picture warrants further observation, try looking slightly deeper in to the image and see what the photographer is trying to say via the content of the photograph – some clues to this may be given by the use of symbols in the image.

Importance of expression within photography

Many years ago, in London’s Tate Gallery, I was admiring a painting of Mary Queen of Scots. It was not until a gallery guide explained to me what the phoenix, the dog and the countless other things on the canvas meant, other than being there to purely fill the space, that I began to assess my whole outlook on paintings and photographs. Even now I aim to use this element of expression within my shots.

There are two factors that are important once you have started in photography, The first is the individual artist’s or photographers style, which I believe is a natural in-built expression that matures with the acquisition of knowledge in photography techniques – therefore giving the individual a style. The second, is a collection of rules and guidelines.

Why do capture photographs?

I always like to have a good reason to take a photograph and, for me, it is important that the finished print achieves what I set out to state. People will either adore or despise your photographs; it does not matter really as long as they please you.

Photographs need to be more than basic pictures that record and in my images I try to convey a strong emotive sense – such as beauty, mood and depth.

The great painters knew, and know, how to stimulate and many of my pictures are influenced by other photographers and painters. My pictures have been inspired by photographers such as Bob Carlos-Clarke, Steven Wader, Horst and painters such as Shalken, Bruegal and the Pre-Raphaelite brotherhood. I do not mind admitting this, as everyone is influenced in some way by someone. To be original is probably one of the most difficult tasks to accomplish, maybe nothing is – but while influences are acceptable, direct imitations are not.

Think about the message you want to portray

The best advice I can offer to someone beginning in photography, or to someone who is struggling to advance, is to stop and think about what it is that they really want to say with their photographs and set out to achieve that aim.

Before going in to a shoot I always have a general idea of what I want to accomplish. I know that I probably will not get the picture exactly right on the first shot, but at least I have a good place to start.

It is a good idea to keep a scrap book of sketches, photographs, paintings and pictures as these can be a useful reference source from which you can formulate your own ideas.

When taking an image it will ofetn take a lot of shots to achieve the image you desire. It is well worth keeping record of these as a reminder of how near, yet how far, you can be from what you consider to be the correct image. Whatever your choice for the final shot, it may not always be the right one unless it has that particular ‘X-factor’. Only you will know.

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Basic Exposure Techniques

Thursday, October 1st, 2009

 

Lighting plays the major role in the photographing process. No matter how good is your composition, if the lighting is not good, then the whole photo will not be good either. It has this power to ruin a good image and make it useless, but it also has the power to make an ordinary photo, a great work of art. Learning how to capture the correct amount of light is an essential part of photography.

During the capture of a single photograph, the photographic medium (film or digital sensor) is allowed to gather a certain amount of light indicated by its exposure. There is no fixed value of a correct amount of light, because it depends on the available lights, the objects, and the photographer’s judgment. However, it is safe to say that there’s an acceptable exposure and an unacceptable exposure. Unaccepted exposures are, in general, due to a mistake rather than a photographer’s intention.

Basically, a dark scene will need long exposures, allowing more light to be collected by the sensor, which translates to a well exposed photograph. Otherwise, the photograph will be underexposed, having too many dark areas, the dark objects loosing their details, and the bright objects becoming dull. As for bright light conditions, low exposure will be enough to gather sufficient amount of light to produce a photo with good lighting. If more exposure is used, the photograph will become too bright with many blown highlights.

Exposure relies on two factors: shutter speed (exposure time) and aperture. Shutter speed determines how long the sensor will be exposed to light. Slow shutter speed means more exposure, while fast speed will allow less exposure. On the other hand, aperture controls the degree of openness of the lens. Narrow aperture will let less light pass through it than a wide aperture. Another component that affects exposure is the ISO speed, which indicates the light sensitivity of the sensor. Higher ISO speeds will make the sensor more sensitive to light, reducing exposure, but it will add undesired noise to the photos.

When manually setting the exposure, the photographer usually sets the aperture and the shutter speed independently. As for automatic exposure settings, the camera will determine the degree of exposure needed according to the light metering technique used. Because of the lack of manual controls over exposure in many low-end cameras (including most digital compact cameras), exposure compensation (if available) should be used to fine tune the automatic exposure suggested.

In case of extreme lighting conditions, it will be difficult to all cameras (including DSLRs) to get acceptable exposure for all shadows and highlights. Usually, photographers take the same photograph at different exposures, and combine them together using software programs.

A good approach to learn more about exposure is to look at the exposure settings of your previous photographs, and compare them Look for the exposure time (shutter speed), the aperture, the ISO speed, and the exposure compensation in the data that is stored in your image files. As a result, you will get a clearer idea on how exposure can impact your photos.

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The Famous Rule of Thirds in Photography

Sunday, September 27th, 2009

As you are interested in photography, then you must have heard about the Rule of Thirds. Basically, it relies on how the humans eye perceive a photograph . That’s why, according to the rule, the subject should be placed along imaginary lines indicating the best spots within the photograph.

While the Rule of Thirds is very important for composing good photographs, it is also the easiest to understand and apply of all the photography rules. All you need is just to know how you should frame your subject.

Imagine that your photograph will be divided into three horizontal and three vertical parts. This is done by putting four lines (two horizontal and two vertical) each at one third of the photograph, hence the name of the rule. Four intersection points will be formed at the meeting points between each nonparallel pair of lines . In general, the lines together with the intersection points should be used to align the main subjects of your photos so as to have one that complies with the Rule of Thirds.

In case of closeups, the subject itself will probably be bigger than the whole frame. As a result, interesting features within the subject should be aligned instead. An interesting example of this case is a closeup portrait where the facial features are the objects that form the composition. Most photographers align the eyes to the first horizontal line from top. This will put emphasis on the eye, frame the whole face, and leave no details out of the picture.

The Rule of Thirds is commonly used in landscape photography as well. If the foreground contains any subjects, they should be placed in compliance with the rule (usually along vertical lines). As for the background, horizons are usually aligned to one of the horizontal lines. A landscape scene may contain fields, mountain or clouds. In this case, a more general approach is recommended in which the different parts of the scene are considered as layers to be separated in the different sections (thirds) of the photograph.

Despite being important to the composition, some flexibility should exist when applying this rule. For instance, if you align everything in perfect compliance with the rule just to discover that an essential part will not be included inside the frame, slightly moving the viewfinder to include all the details will not cause any damages. Another example is when trying to create the mirroring effect using reflections. A more conventional alignment in this case is to put the line separating the real from the reflection exactly at the center.

The Rule of Thirds is an easy to learn, yet very effective technique. By using it, you will be able to produce photos that are very appealing to the eyes.

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How to Get the Best Out of Your Compact Digital Camera

Sunday, September 27th, 2009

A compact digital camera usually appeals to those who are interested in taking good photographs with no trouble. It is easy to use that all you need to do is just point to your subject and click the button. It doesn’t have to be like this though, as you would be missing a lot of possibilities.

Knowing your camera’s features very well will lead you to make better decisions about what settings to use in different situations. Maybe you should first check the automatic settings as they will quickly give you a better control on your photographs. They are sufficient in most conditions, however, being able to manually adjust your photos will generally yield better results . In this case, manual controls should be used instead if your camera allows it. The more manual controls you have, the better your ability to adjust your photos as desired will be.

It is always recommended to take all your photos at the maximum resolution using the highest quality available, especially when you plan printing these photos. This is important to insure that the prints will not look pixelated. Consequently, the size of the images will increase, so it is advisable to make sure you will have enough space in your storage media, while at the same time trying to find a reliable backup solution.

Almost all compact cameras today have a main feature called autofocusing. Conventionally, autofocus is set by pressing and holding the shutter button half way down. According to the available objects in the viewfinder automatic focus will be chosen. That’s why pressing and holding the button should be done while aiming at the subject and then the camera can be moved (while still holding) to get the desired composition. After choosing the desired composition, the button should be completely pressed so as to capture the photo.

One of the main drawbacks of photographing in low light situations is the difficulty to get a decent photo without a tripod. Unless you can rest your hand on something, it is nearly impossible to hold the camera still during long exposures. Always try to improve the lighting as most compact digital cameras will usually produce noisy and blurred photo in low light.

In all the features that your camera is capable of, some are not very useful. Compact cameras are usually not very capable of producing good photos at very high ISOs which should only be used when photographing objects moving at high speeds. The built-in flash should be avoided except for open areas or very dark places. The small distance between the lens and the flash source will produce very harsh shadows behind the subjects making them look like cardboard. That’s why external light sources are usually preferred. The only feature that you should never use is digital zooming.

Obviously, one needs to understand some basic photography concepts in order to get the best out of his camera . Fortunately, this can only increase its worth by making it produce better photographs and increase your experience by making you a better photographer.

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Focal Points In Photography

Wednesday, September 23rd, 2009

In optics, a focal point is the point of intersection of parallel light rays that passes through a convex lens or that are reflected from a concave mirror. Similarly, in photography, a focal point can be considered as the place on which all the observers’ eyes will be set when he looks at a photo. Therefore, focal points are important elements of any photograph.

Any photograph lacking a focal point will not attract except a few quick glances. The reason is that the eyes usually look for something interesting and unique to grab their attention. Whether it is a flower, a barrel, or a human, any interesting object will do.

There are many ways to enhance a focal point and all are related to the conventional rules of photography. Next time you are taking a photograph, think where the focal point should be. A good place to start is at the four hot-spots or along the lines of thirds. Another possibility is to place it at the convergence point of leading lines which naturally grab attention into the photograph. In this case the Rule of Thirds can be neglected for a more symmetric composition.

Making an object more significant can be done by having a strong contrast between it and patterns around it. The sudden break of a plain background with an interesting object is very attracting to the eyes. A strong colorful contrast can only improve the effect further. The brightness of the color or the size of the object are sometimes used as well to bring attention to the desired focal point.

If the surroundings are distracting, maybe you should make them less detailed to bring out your object. This is achieved by blurring out the foreground to bring the focus on an object in the background, or vice versa. With the whole picture blurred out except for a detailed object, it will naturally grab the attention of the observer. Thus, selective focusing becomes very handy tool to underscore your focal point. The shallower the DOF is, the blurrier the out of focus objects will be. A similar effect can be the result of motion blur. In long exposures, moving objects tend to lose their details while still objects maintain their shapes and forms.

Although you may contain more than one focal point in your composition, too many will just render your photograph confusing. So next time while composing your photo, let your eyes lead you.  

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